Other-Languages on The VikiD Truth

Forth

Sat, 20 May 2023 04:36:55 +0400

Forth

Here is the truth about Forth: it is a language that barely exists until you write it. A tiny core of stack operations, and then every new word you define becomes part of the language. Few systems take “grow your own” this literally – PicoLisp is one; Forth is another.

Cuis Terse Guide

Thu, 30 Mar 2023 20:31:26 +0400

Terse Guide

Cuis Terse Guide

x _ 4.

z := 5.

x _ y _ z _ 6.

x _ (y _ 6) + 1.

x _ Object new.

x _ 123 class.
x _ Object allInstances.

x _ Integer allInstances.
x _ Integer allSuperclasses.

w _ 1.2 hash.

t _ x copy.
y _ x shallowCopy.
y _ x veryDeepCopy.

TranscriptWindow openTranscript. Transcript
Transcript clear.
Transcript show: 'hello world'.
Transcript nextPutAll: 'Hello World'.
Transcript nextPut: $A.
Transcript space.
Transcript tab; nextPut: $A; space; tab; nextPut: $B.
Transcript newLine.

'Hello' printOn: Transcript.
'Yellow' storeOn: Transcript.
Transcript endEntry.

'Literals are objects that are created when you compile a method'

| b x |

b _ true.
b _ false.
x _ nil.
x _ 1.

x _ 3.14.
x _ 2e-1.
x _ 2.0e-2.

x _ 7/8.

x _ 16r0F.
x _ 16rFFFFFFFF.
x _ 16rFFFFFFFF negated.
x _ -1.

x _ 'hello'.
x _ 'I''m here'.
x _ $A.
x _ $ .
x _ #aSymbol.
x _ #(3 2 1).
x _ #('abc' 1 $a).
x _ #[3 2 1 0].
x _ #[1.0 3.12 6.03e23].

x _ {'hello' size. Float pi. 1.0 arcTan}.
x _ `{'hello' size. Float pi. 1.0 arcTan}`.

x _ `{ 1. 3. 5. 7. 11. 13. 17} asSet`.

"Booleans"
| b x y |
x _ 1. y _ 2.
b _ ( x = y).
b _ ( x ~= y).
b _ ( x == y).
b _ ( x ~~ y).
b _ ( x > y ).
b _ ( x < y).
b _ ( x >= y).
b _ ( x <= y).
b _ b not.
b _ (x < 5) & ( y > 1).
b _ (x < 5) | (y > 1).
b _ (x < 5) and: (y > 1).
b _ (x < 5) or: (y > 1).
b _ (x < 5) eqv: (y > 1).
b _ (x < 5) xor: (y > 1).
b _ 5 between: 3 and: 12.
b _ 123 isKindOf: Number.
b _ 123 isMemberOf: SmallInteger.
b _ 123 respondsTo: #sqrt.
b _ x isNil.
b _ x isZero.
b _ x positive.
b _ x strictlyPositive.
b _ x negative.
b _ x even.
b _ x odd.
b _ x isInteger.
b _ x isLiteral.
b _ x isNumber.
b _ x isSymbol.
b _ $A isUppercase.

“Bit-Wise”

x _ 16rFF bitAnd: 16r0F. "and bits"
x _ 16rF0 bitOr: 16r0F. "or bits"
x _ 16rFF bitXor: 16r0F. "xor bits"
x _ 16rFF bitInvert. "invert bits"
x _ 16r0F bitShift: 4. "left shift "
x _ 16rF0 bitShift: -4. "right shift"
x _ 16r80 bitAt: 8. "bit at position (0|1)"
x _ 16r80 highBit. "position of highest bit set"
b _ 16rFF allMask: 16r0F. "test if all bits set in mask are set in receiver"
b _ 16rFF anyMask: 16r0F. "test if any bits set in mask are set in receiver"
b _ 16rFF noMask: 16r0F. "test if all bits set in mask are clear in receiver"

Computing

Thu, 15 Sep 2022 05:29:55 +0400

Computing

Fortran

Here’s a truth that surprises most programmers: the oldest high-level language still in heavy use isn’t a relic – it’s quietly running the world’s weather forecasts, climate models and supercomputers. Fortran is old; modern Fortran is not.

Cuis Smalltalk

Mon, 12 Sep 2022 01:39:35 +0400

Terse Guide

Cuis Smalltalk

Here is the truth about Cuis: it is Smalltalk stripped back to something one person can understand completely – a personal computing environment that still fits in a single mind. If Pharo is a bustling city, Cuis is a well-kept village with excellent roads.

GNU Smalltalk

Mon, 12 Sep 2022 01:32:06 +0400

GNU Smalltalk

Here’s the truth about GNU Smalltalk: it’s Smalltalk without the world around it – no windows, no image browser, just the language in a terminal, run like a script. That makes it the quickest way to taste Smalltalk’s ideas, and also explains why most people eventually move on to Pharo or Cuis.

Julia

Fri, 27 Aug 2021 10:40:18 +0400

Julia

This page is derived in large part from the : Think Julia Book. Get new packages at: Julia Observer.

 Keywords
 abstract type baremodule begin break catch
 const continue do else elseif
 end export finally for false
 function global if import in
 let local macro module mutable struct
 primitive type quote return true try
 using struct where while

Operators
- isa
  - n isa Int64
Values and Types
- nothing
  - ```
   typeof(nothing) --> Nothing
```
Formal and Natural Languages
Variables, Expressions and Statements
- Variable names can be as long as you like. They can contain almost all Unicode characters, but they can’t begin with a number.
  - typing unicode: \\:turtle: TAB, \\pi TAB, if you press tab twice you get suggestions
  - The subscript numbers are available in the Unicode character encoding \\_1 TAB, \\_2 TAB, etc. .
  - Superscript numbers are also available ;{ ^2 TAB

Assignment Statements Variable Names Expressions and Statements An expression is a combination of one or more values, variables and operators. A statement is a unit of code that has an effect. Operator Precedence String Operations

Computer Languages Centre

Fri, 09 Dec 2016 12:41:12 +0400

Computer Languages Centre

Here is the truth about computer languages: they are not competing religions – they are tools shaped by different bets about what matters. Syntax is the paint; the bets (typing, memory, evaluation order, metaprogramming) are the structure.

What it is, in plain words

A programming language is a notation for expressing computation that a machine can carry out. Languages differ along a handful of axes:

Axis	Options	Examples
Typing	static / dynamic / gradual	Rust / Python / TypeScript
Evaluation	strict / lazy	C, JS / Haskell
Memory	manual / GC / ownership	C, Zig / Java, Go / Rust
Paradigm	imperative, FP, OO, logic, concatenative	C, Haskell, Smalltalk, Prolog, Forth
Level	close to metal ↔ close to problem	Assembly ↔ SQL, HTML

“Level” is a spectrum, not a moral hierarchy. Assembly and PicoLisp can both be the right answer.